可分為巖石、土工、土工合成材料。
　　1.巖體基本力學性質是巖體在簡單載荷(應力)條件下的變形、強度和破壞特性,所謂簡單載荷條件指的是單軸壓縮或拉伸、剪切(包括壓剪和拉剪)以及等圍壓下的壓縮加載。
　　2.土的工程性質與土的基本物理質密切相關，也可以說土的力學性質主要取決于它的基本物理性質，的力學性質指標和土的基本物理性質指標之間存在著一定的相關聯系。表示土的基本物理性主質的指標主要有兩種類型:一類是表征土中固體物質組成特點的，包括顆粒級配和土中黏粒的礦物成分等:另-類是表征土所處的物理狀態的，包括密度.含水事飽和度、相對密度和調度等。室內土工試驗大致分為以下幾類:土的物理性試驗，土的力學性試驗，土的化學性試驗。
　　3.土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)為透水性(xing)材料(liao)。按制(zhi)造(zao)方法不同(tong)。分為機織(zhi)(zhi)、針織(zhi)(zhi)和(he)非(fei)織(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜是一種(zhong)由聚合(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)或瀝青制(zhi)成的(de)相對(dui)不透水的(de)薄片。工(gong)(gong)(gong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)復合(he)(he)(he)材料(liao)是由兩種(zhong)或兩種(zhong)以上的(de)單-材料(liao)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)成的(de)產品。此外,尚有(you)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)與土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)復合(he)(he)(he)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)與土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)帶、土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)和(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)板材的(de)各種(zhong)復合(he)(he)(he)制(zhi)品。